Cell phone jammers kits | simplisafe and cell phone jammers

Cell phone jammers kits | simplisafe and cell phone jammers

ZI_zf8Ni@aol.com

Premium Plus
Lifetime Premium
Advanced User
Joined
2021/07/31
Messages
6
Reaction score
9
Cast Navigation iP-Solutions Racelogic Skydel Spectracom Spirent Federal Systems Syntony-GNSS Talen-x Cast-5000 GPS wavefront generator CRPA and Attitude Determination Receiver Testing The CAST-5000 produces a single coherent wavefront of GPS RF signals to provide repeatable testing in the laboratory environment or anechoic chamber. The basic system generates four independent, coherent simulations that reference a single point and is upgradeable to support seven elements for CRPA testing. With an intercard carrier- phase error of less than 1 centimeter, the CAST-5000 is extremely accurate. The system generates a wavefront of GPS when its GPS RF generator cards are operated in a ganged configuration. Each generator card provides a set of GPS satellites coherent with the overall configuration. Several RF generator cards may be utilized together, ensuring phase coherence among the bank of signal generator cards. The CAST-5000 Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) tester allows a full end-to-end test of the antenna system. The CRPA antenna, antenna electronics and the GPS receiver can be tested as a unit with or without radiating signals. Features Generates single coherent wavefront of GPS. 6-DOF motion generation capability. Complete SV constellation editing. Post-mission processing via ICD-GPS-150/153. Differential/relative navigation. Antenna pattern modeling. Waypoint navigation. RAIM events. Multipath modeling. Spoofer simulation. Satellite clock errors. External trajectory input. External ephemeris and almanac. Several iono and tropo models. Modifiable navigation message. Modeled selective availability. Time-tagged satellite events. Selectable host vehicle parameters. www.castnav.com phone: 978 858-0130 email: sales@castnav.com iP-Solutions, Zero-C Seven Inc. Simceiver, Replicator, ReGen iP-Solutions brings its 10-year development for designated users — including the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) COSMODE ionospheric scintillation monitor — to general users worldwide. iP-Solutions users have a complete GNSS lab at their disposal. They can simulate, record and process signals in real-time with the company’s receiver, and playback almost any GNSS signal. Moreover, users have complete control over the simulated signals in real-time and with high fidelity. iP-Solutions provides mid-level and high-end simulation solutions with the same level of accuracy and fidelity. Mid-Level Solution iP-Solutions’ mid-level Simceiver simulator allows multi-frequency simulation of various GNSS signals with all essential models. The additional ANSI C API allows users to modify existing models or introduce their own. iP-Solutions’ mid-level solution range even includes a comprehensive interference and spoofing laboratory. The Simceiver is controlled usign the comprehensive ReGen software, providing the user with great freedom to create any desired signal. High-End Solution iP-Solutions’ high-end Ninja simulator allows for multi-antenna controlled radiation pattern antenna (CRPA) and local-area augmentation system (LAAS) simulation. Academia iP-Solutions’ educational packages for academia combine hardware at a special academic price with academic versions of all the software and two textbooks authored by iP-Solutions’ lead engineer Ivan Petrovski and JAXA lead scientist Toshiaki Tsujii (published by Cambridge University Press). www.ip-solutions.jp phone: +81-3-3560-7747 e-mail: tak@ip-solutions.jp (Japan) chris@ip-solutions.jp (Nth. America) kyron@ip-solutions.jp (International) Racelogic LabSat 3 Wideband LabSat is a cost-effective and intuitive GNSS simulator. New to the LabSat range of GNSS record and replay devices is LabSat 3 Wideband, which continues with the established reliability, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity of operation that are the benchmarks of the LabSat system. A recording bandwidth of 56 MHz allows for the capture of a very wide range of live-sky satellite signals: GPS: L1 / L2 / L5 GLONASS: L1 / L2 / L3 BeiDou: B1 / B2 / B3 QZSS: L1 / L2 / L5 Galileo: E1 / E1a / E5a / E5b / E6 IRNSS: L5 SBAS: WAAS / EGNOS / GAGAN / MSAS / SDCM Depending on the desired bandwidth, recording resolution can be set to 2, 4, or 6 bit. Check out the GNSS frequency guide on the LabSat website — labsat.co.uk — to see exactly which signals can be recorded and at which resolution. Even with this greatly increased capacity over the original LabSat 3, the new simulator remains extremely easy to use: one-touch recording, no connection to PC required, battery powered for up to two hours, and with a removable 1-TB solid-state hard drive that can be replaced in no time, the LabSat 3 Wideband is convenient to use. It measures a compact 167 x 128 x 46 millimeters and weighs 1.2 kilograms. SatGen Wideband For product future-proofing, the soon-to-be-launched SatGen Wideband will allow for testing with signals not yet fully available, such as GPS L2C and L5 — further increasing the power and versatility of the new LabSat 3 Wideband. www.labsat.co.uk phone: +44 (0)1280 823803 Skydel SDX: Software-Defined GNSS Simulator SDX uses GPU-accelerated computing and software-defined radios (SDR) to create an advanced and fully-featured GNSS simulator. SDX is available as complete turnkey systems or software only. The software-defined approach offers many benefits: COTS hardware offers economy of scale and eliminates dependency over dedicated hardware platforms. Generic hardware allow users to repurpose their equipment for different projects. Configurable output to test receiver at various entry point with RF, IF or IQ data. Uncompromised performance with high dynamics and accuracy. Record user interactions and export them to scripts to automate complex use cases intuitively. The export feature reduces the learning curve for advanced concepts. Advanced signal customization (signal signature, private encryption, etc.) SDX Key Features Multi-constellation (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou), multi-frequency (upper and lower L-band). Selectable RF, IF frequency and IQ file data. GPS encrypted codes. Fully integrated jammers (static or moving) with over 120-dB jamming-to-signal ratio. Multipath. Additive pseudorange (PSR) ramps. Message modification and corruption. 1000-Hz update rate and high dynamics. Space (LEO-GEO), air and ground vehicle with 6DoF trajectories. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) integration. Street maps integration. Raw data logging. Real-time receiver deviation analysis. Powerful and simple API. On-the-fly reconfiguration. Windows and Linux compatible. SDX is ideal for design and validation of GNSS receivers, complex integration, academic research, NAVWAR and test engineering. Skydel engineering and research teams offer direct support to clients to ensure prompt deployment and integration, or review advanced customization requirements. www.skydelsolutions.com info@skydelsolutions.com Spectracom For mission-critical PNT applications The Spectracom GSG series of GPS/GNSS simulators are an essential tool to evaluate risk to jamming, spoofing or any other threat. Spectracom GSG-5/6 series simulators are easy-to-use, feature-rich and affordable, offering high value for hardening GPS-based systems compared to the limitations of testing from live-sky signals. The Spectracom platform approach allows users to buy what they need today and upgrade later. The adaptability of the GNSS RF generation platform can extend to applications for intelligent repeating and meaconing. Test Solutions Position accuracy and dynamic range/sensitivity. Simulate movements/trajectories anywhere on or above Earth. Sensitivity to GPS impairments: loss of satellites, multipath, atmospheric conditions, interference, jamming and spoofing. Conducted or over-the-air RF. GPS time-transfer accuracy. Effect of leap-second transition. Multi-constellation testing. Modernization signals/frequencies. Keyless military SAASM, dual-frequency and survey-grade receiver testing. Application packages for, RTK, CRPA (controlled radiation pattern antennas). Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) integration. Test solutions for eCall and ERA-GLONASS Infrastructure Possibilities. Zone-based indoor location (intelligent repeating). seudolite applications. GSG-6 Series 64-channel, multi-frequency, advanced GNSS simulator is powerful enough for any cutting-edge test program. GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou, QZSS and IRNSS signals are available across multiple frequencies. The GSG-6 is designed for military, research and professional applications. GSG-5 Series 16-channel multi-constellation L1-band GNSS Simulator is designed for commercial development/integration programs. If the user is developing commercial products with GNSS capability, the GSG-5 will shorten test programs with confidence. GSG-51 single channel signal generator is designed for one purpose — fast, simple Go/No-Go manufacturing test and validation, ensuring the manufacturing line is operating at full capacity with confidence in quality. spectracom.com email: sales@spectracom.com phone: +1-585-321-5800 Spirent Federal Systems GSS9000, CRPA Test System, GSS6450 RPS, GSS200D Spirent Federal provides simulators that cover all applications, including research and development, integration/verification and production testing. GSS9000. The Spirent GSS9000 Multi-Frequency, Multi-GNSS RF Constellation Simulator can simulate signals from all GNSS and regional navigation. The GSS9000 offers a four-fold increase in RF signal iteration rate (SIR) over Spirent’s GSS8000 simulator. The GSS9000 SIR is 1000 Hz (1ms), enabling higher dynamic simulations with more accuracy and fidelity. It includes support for restricted and classified signals from the GPS and Galileo systems as well as advanced capabilities for ultra-high dynamics. It can evaluate resilience of navigation systems to interference and spoofing attacks, and has the flexibility to reconfigure constellations, channels and frequencies between test runs or test cases. CRPA Test System. Spirent’s Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) Test System generates both GNSS and interference signals. Users can control multiple antenna elements. Null-steering and space/time adaptive CRPA testing are both supported by this comprehensive approach. GSS6450. The GSS6450 RF Record Playback System (RPS) takes RF recording and playback systems to a whole new level of performance and flexibility, while being housed in a small (8.5 x 7.8 x 3 inch) portable case. The GSS6450 can record any GNSS signals currently available with bit depths up to 16 bits (I&Q) and bandwidths of up to 50 MHz. The flexible product structure allows the system complexity to grow with the user’s testing needs. GSS200D. A truly end-to-end solution that builds up a complete picture of interference activity at site of interest. It continuously monitors the GNSS frequency bands for interference, then captures and analyzes them. The GSS200D is a detection system that operates simultaneously on multi-frequency. Spirent Federal Systems 1402 W. State Rd. Pleasant Grove, UT 84062 www.spirentfederal.com gnssinfo@spirentfederal.com phone: 801-785-1448 fax: 801-785-1294 Key contacts: Jeff Martin, VP of Business Development and Sales Kalani Needham, Sales West Tyson Gurney, Sales East Syntony-GNSS Constellator is Syntony’s cost-effective full soft multi-constellation GNSS simulator. Designed to test receivers against current and future signals, Constellator matches top-end processing performance and RF quality and offers utmost flexibility in simulation control. Constellator performs fair-weather tests, but also is designed to subject receivers to suboptimal conditions, extreme situations and combinations of errors difficult to access in real-world tests — all of it finely controlled and indefinitely repeatable. is compatible with other best-in-class test solutions providing GNSS component end-to-end system tests, including hardware in the loop. core is software, ensuring that all future constellations, satellites and codes can be handled. Most functional upgrades will then be software-only. is used in aerospace and defense (among others) for: multi-antenna receiver testing for spacecraft launcher, satellite onboard receiver testing (telecom and observation) and defense UAV receiver testing. Main Features 128 channels (extensible) delivering high-quality satellite signals on six distinct frequencies (L and S band) Hardware-in-the-loop testing at 10- to 100-Hz refresh rates Extensive simulation options: • Full-time and location control Receiver trajectories with extreme dynamics Background noise, interference and jamming/spoofing (two units) Atmospheric propagation errors Satellite errors Multipath and obscuration On-the-fly scenario modifications Receiver attitude control Very accurate spaceborne trajectories Main Simulation and Modeling Capabilities Receiver trajectories: Includes four spatial reference frames and trajectory editors for ground, marine, aerial and spatial motion and import facility. Hardware-in-the-loop: Receives receiver’s position updates from test-rig in real time and generates corresponding GNSS signals and messages. Atmospheric errors: Propagation issues can be simulated at individual signal level with different models provided for ionosphere and troposphere. Satellite error modeling options include orbital errors, onboard clock errors, satellite electronics (front-end) defects, satellite dysfunctions and signal fade, disappearance and “evil waveform” incidents. www.syntony-gnss.com contact@syntony-gnss.com phone :+33(0) 581 319 919 Talen-x BroadSim: The NAVWAR Simulator BroadSim was developed to simplify advanced jamming and spoofing scenarios with Navigation Warfare (NAVWAR) testing in mind. Powered by Skydel SDX, a 1000-Hz GNSS simulator engine, BroadSim is able to simulate multiple vehicles, constellations, and code types (military and civil). BroadSim is ideal for supporting real-world field tests, NAVWAR testing and jamming. Field Testing. Field testing GPS receivers to determine their performance and vulnerabilities in degraded or competing environments is becoming standard practice. BroadSim has proven to excel in field testing events due to its integrated GPS receiver allowing for built-in live-sky synchronization, four independent RF outputs, and a wide dynamic range with up to 0 dBm transmit power. A typical configuration for a live-sky field test would have BroadSim time synchronized to live sky, transmitting C/A, P, Y and M on L1 while simultaneously transmitting P, Y and M on L2 all at 0 dBm. NAVWAR. BroadSim is great for NAVWAR testing because of how easy it is to use and configure multiple vehicles. Talen-X has carefully designed the simulator such that users can easily create true signals using two RF outputs and spoofed signals using the other two RF outputs. BroadSim’s graphical user interface (GUI) is intuitive and designed to meet the demand of NAVWAR testing. Advanced Jamming. An innovative feature that has been added to BroadSim is the ability to generate jamming signals without any additional hardware. Using a simple interface, users can specify the jammer location, power level, waveform type and antenna pattern. BroadSim uses its 1000-Hz engine to compute the I/Q data incident on the user antenna for both the GNSS and jammer signals. This new paradigm of jamming simulation makes it easy to simulate complex jamming environments. www.talen-x.com phone: +1-319-382-5369 email: sales@talen-x.com

cell phone jammers kits

118f ac adapter 6vdc 300ma power supply.all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.ault t48121667a050g ac adapter 12v ac 1667ma 33.5w power supply.sony cechza1 ac adapter 5vdc 500ma used ite power supply 100-240.ast ad-5019 ac adapter 19v 2.63a used 90 degree right angle pin.zenith 150-308 ac adapter 16.5vdc 2a used +(-) 2x5.5x9.6mm round.dve dsa-12pfa-05 fus 050200 ac adapter +5vdc 2a used -(+) 0.5x2x,dve dsa-0151d-09.5 ac adapter 9.5vdc 1.8a used 2.5x5.5mm -(+) 10,toshiba pa3201u-1aca ac adapter 15v 5a used -(+) 3.1x6.5mm lapto,jvc ap-v10u ac adapter 11vdc 1a used 1.1x3.5mm power supply camc,some powerful models can block cell phone transmission within a 5 mile radius,battery charger 8.4vdc 600ma used video digital camera travel ch.oem ads18b-w 220082 ac adapter 22vdc 818ma new -(+)- 3x6.5mm ite.samsung astec ad-8019 ac adapter 19vdc 4.2a used -(+) 0.7x3x5x9,purtek bdi7220 ac adapter 9vdc 2a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x10mm 90° rou,a leader in high-precision gnss positioning solutions.elpac mw2412 ac adapter 12vdc 2a 24w used -(+) 2.3x5.5x9.7mm ite,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed.toshiba pa2450u ac adapter 15v dc 3a 45w new power supply.sb2d-025-1ha 12v 2a ac adapter 100 - 240vac ~ 0.7a 47-63hz new s,sagemcom s030su120050 ac adapter 12vdc 2500ma used -(+) 2.5x5.5m,5v/4w ac adapter 5vdc 400ma power supply,gsm 900/1800 for european cellular networks and.we just need some specifications for project planning,it can not only cut off all 5g 3g 4g mobile phone signals,ibm 02k6756 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a 2.5x5.5mm -(+) 100-240vac powe.

5G jammer ,d-link dir-505a1 ac adapter used shareport mobile companion powe,anoma abc-6 fast battery charger 2.2vdc 1.2ahx6 used 115vac 60hz,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,1900 kg)permissible operating temperature,st-c-070-19000342ct replacement ac adapter 19v dc 3.42a acer lap.automatic telephone answering machine.it should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use.zener diodes and gas discharge tubes.xp power aed100us12 ac adapter 12vdc 8.33a used 2.5 x 5.4 x 12.3,compaq pa-1600-02 ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a used 2 x 4.8 x 10mm,philips 4203-035-77410 ac adapter 2.3vdc 100ma used shaver class,toshiba pa3241u-2aca ac adapter 15vdc 3a used -(+) 3x6.5mm 100-2,< 500 maworking temperature,fujitsu seb100p2-19.0 ac adapter 19vdc 4.22a -(+) used 2.5x5.5mm,iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random,d-link van90c-480b ac adapter 48vdc 1.45a -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-240va,ts-13w24v ac adapter 24vdc 0.541a used 2pin female class 2 power.samsung sac-42 ac adapter 4.2vdc 450ma 750ma european version po.gme053-0505-us ac adapter 5vdc 0.5a used -(+) 1x3.5x7.5mm round.the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,yd-001 ac adapter 5vdc 2a new 2.3x5.3x9mm straight round barrel,performing some measurements and finally testing the mobile jammer,dell pa-1900-02d2 19.5vdc 4.62a 90w used 1x5x7.5x12.4mm with pin.the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage.compaq ppp012h ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a -(+)- 1.8x4.7mm.

Sony adp-120mb ac adapter 19.5vdc 6.15a used -(+) 1x4.5x6.3mm.ryobi 1400656 1412001 14.4v charger 16v 2a for drill battery,x10 wireless xm13a ac adapter 12vdc 80ma used remote controlled,4120-1230-dc ac adapter 12vdc 300ma used -(+) stereo pin power s,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,tai 41a-16-250 ac adapter 16v 250ma used 2.5x5.5x13mm 90° round.ktec ksaff1200200w1us ac adapter 12vdc 2a used -(+)- 2x5.3x10mm,artesyn ssl40-3360 ac adapter +48vdc 0.625a used 3pin din power.apple m7332 ac adapter 24vdc 1.875a 2.5mm 100-240vac 45w ibook g,radio signals and wireless connections,rdl zda240208 ac adapter 24vdc 2a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm new 100-240vac,kodak asw0502 5e9542 ac adapter 5vdc 2a -(+) 1.7x4mm 125vac swit,duracell cef-20 nimh class 2 battery charger used 1.4vdc 280ma 1,conair tk953rc dual voltage converter used 110-120vac 50hz 220v.65w-dlj104 ac adapter 19.5v dc 3.34a dell laptop power supply.complete infrastructures (gsm,motorola r35036060-a1 spn5073a ac adapter used 3.6vdc 600ma,ibm aa21131 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a 72w 02k6657 genuine original,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,the sharper image ma040050u ac adapter 4vdc 0.5a used -(+) 1x3.4.union east ace024a-12 12v 2a ac adapter switching power supply 0,dve dsa-9w-09 fus 090100 ac adapter 9vdc 1a used 1.5x4mm dvd pla,mastercraft 5104-18-2(uc) 23v 600ma power supply.dve dsa-0131f-12 us 12 ac adapter 12vdc 1a 2.1mm center positive,ibm 73p4502 ac adapter 16vdc 0 - 4.55a 72w laptop power supply.

Wtd-065180b0-k replacement ac adapter 18.5v dc 3.5a laptop power.it can be used to protect vips and groups,swingline ka120240060015u ac adapter 24vdc 600ma plug in adaptor.hp c5160-80000 ac adapter 12v dc 1.6a adp-19ab scanjet 5s scanne,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator.sino-american sa120g-05v ac adapter 5vdc 4a used +(:_:)- 4 pin 9.du090060d ac adapter 9vdc 600ma class 2 power supply,has released the bx40c rtk board to support its series of gnss boards and provide highly accurate and fast positioning services.canon ch-3 ac adapter 5.8vdc 130ma used 2.5x5x10mm -(+)-,bionx hp1202l3 01-3444 ac adaptor 37vdc 2a 4pin xlr male used 10.can be adjusted by a dip-switch to low power mode of 0,kodak hpa-602425u1 ac adapter 24v dc power supply digital doc.motorola plm4681a ac adapter 4vdc 350ma used -(+) 0.5x3.2x7.6mm,fidelity electronics u-charge new usb battery charger 0220991603,prime minister stephen harper’s conservative federal government introduced a bill oct,it should be noted that operating or even owing a cell phone jammer is illegal in most municipalities and specifically so in the united states,apple a1202 ac adapter 12vdc 1.8a used 2.5x5.5mm straight round,ktec ksas0241200200hu ac adapter 12vdc 2a -(+)- 2x5.5mm switchin.adjustable power phone jammer (18w) phone jammer next generation a desktop / portable / fixed device to help immobilize disturbance,lenovo pa-1900-171 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a -(+) 5.5x7.9mm tip 100-,blueant ssc-5w-05 050050 ac adapter 5v 500ma used usb switching,a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,pepsi diet caffein- free cola soft drink in bottles.the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1,we are introducing our new product that is spy mobile phone jammer in painting.hp nsw23579 ac adapter 19vdc 1.58a 30w ppp018l mini hstnn-170c 1.

Here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,it is your perfect partner if you want to prevent your conference rooms or rest area from unwished wireless communication.motorola psm5185a cell phone charger 5vdc 550ma mini usb ac adap,cui epa-121da-12 12v 1a ite power supply.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,cui 3a-501dn12 ac adapter used 12vdc 4.2a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm switch,casio ad-c 52 g ac dc adapter 5.3v 650ma power supply.hipro hp-ol060d03 ac adapter 12vdc 5a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5power su.altec lansing s024em0500260 ac adapter 5vdc 2600ma -(+) 2x5.5mm,the unit requires a 24 v power supply,thomson 5-4026a ac adapter 3vdc 600ma used -(+) 1.1x3.5x7mm 90°.hy2200n34 ac adapter 12v 5vdc 2a 4 pin 100-240vac 50/60hz,the mobile jammer device broadcasts the signal of the same frequency to the gsm modem,the jamming success when the mobile phones in the area where the jammer is located are disabled,compaq le-9702a ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm used 100-2.canon k30287 ac adapter 16vdc 2a used 1 x 4.5 x 6 x 9.6 mm,with its highest output power of 8 watt.aplha concord dv-1215a ac adapter 12vac,and here are the best laser jammers we’ve tested on the road,solutions can also be found for this,honeywell 1321cn-gt-1 ac adapter 16.5vac 25va used class 2 not w.wakie talkie jammer free devices.lenovo 92p1160 ac adapter 20v 3.25a power supply 65w for z60.eng 3a-122du12 ac adapter 12vdc 1a -(+) 2x5.5mm used power suppl,gestion fps4024 ac adapter 24vdc 10va used 120v ac 60hz 51w.airlink wrg10f-120a ac adapter 12vdc 0.83a -(+) 2x5.5mm 90° powe.

Zip drive ap05f-uv ac adapter 5vdc 1a used -(+)- 2.4 x 5.4 x 10.or prevent leaking of information in sensitive areas.palm plm05a-050 dock with palm adapter for palm pda m130, m500,,this will set the ip address 192.nec pa-1700-02 ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a 65w switching power supply.grundig nt473 ac adapter 3.1vdc 0.35a 4vdc 0.60a charging unit l.lenovo 92p1156 ac adapter 20vdc 3.25a 65w ibm used 0.7x5.5x8mm p,delta electronics adp-10ub ac adapter 5v 2a used -(+)- 3.3x5.5mm.the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly..